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Rome Criteria for irritable bowel syndrome, fifth revision: Key updates. A review The Rome V Criteria, published in 2026, updates the scientific and clinical understanding of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It redefines IBS from a “functional disorder” to a “gut-brain interaction disorder,” emphasizing biological underpinnings. Recognized pathophysiological mechanisms include impaired motility, a…

Onset of hyperglycemia in the context of COVID-19: Identification of risk groups and clinical features of the course Background. The presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant predictor of severe COVID-19. Of particular scientific and clinical interest is a cohort of patients with carbohydrate metabolism disorders first identified during hospitalization for the coronavirus disease 2019, …

Adjuvant therapy in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment: Enhancement of efficacy and mitigation of adverse events. A review Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (arGLP-1) demonstrate considerable efficacy in the management of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nonetheless, their clinical application is often restricted due to gastrointestinal adverse events, such as dyspeps…

The role of the <i>ADRB2</i> gene rs1042714 polymorphism in shaping the metabolic response in patients with early disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism Background. Individual variability in therapeutic response at the early stages of carbohydrate metabolism disorders is largely determined by genetic factors. One of the key genes involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis is ADRB2 , which …

Clinical differences between acute and chronic asthenic disorders: A case report Asthenic disorders (ARs) present a significant and frequently addressed medical concern. Currently, there is no standardized classification of ARs based on severity and duration of symptoms. Acute ARs are typically linked to sudden events, infections, injuries, or vascular incidents. Symptoms manifest rapidly and typ…

Iodine deficiency diseases in children of Voronezh region: results of epidemiological monitoring 2024 Background. The Voronezh region is classified as an area with a natural iodine deficiency. The lack of a federal law mandating universal iodization of salt in Russia necessitates regular monitoring of iodine availability, particularly among vulnerable groups of the child population. Recent studie…

Comparative assessment of the clinical efficacy and safety of loxoprofen and paracetamol in adult patients with fever associated with upper respiratory tract infections Background. Respiratory system diseases are the most common in the structure of morbidity, and they also lead in terms of the number of cases of disability, and acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), including influenza, accou…

Applying vibroacoustic lung therapy in the complex treatment of patients with COVID-19 associated pneumonia Background. Vibroacoustic lung therapy (VALT) is a hardware method of exposure used in conditions accompanied by hyperproduction of bronchial mucus and impaired evacuation from the respiratory tract. Damage to the alveolar epithelium, as well as a high risk of extensive atelectasis in pneum…

Experience with the combined drug (bromhexine + guaifenesin + salbutamol) in patients with acute bronchitis and bronchial obstruction syndrome. Case report Acute cough is one of the leading reasons for adult patients seeking primary medical care. The most common cause of acute cough is acute bronchitis. Modern domestic and international clinical guidelines agree that acute bronchitis is a self-li…

Rare types of pemphigus vulgaris: A herpetiform subtype. Case report Pemphigus refers to a group of rare autoimmune disorders affecting the skin and mucous membranes, which are characterized by the formation of intraepidermal blisters resulting from acantholysis, which is the disruption of intercellular connections between keratinocytes, primarily mediated by desmosome dysfunction. These structur…